its the same in germany, i am just doing my license and you have to learn a lot.
you have to spend 14 lessons (each one and a half hour) in theoretical class before you can take the theoretical test, were you need to have over 90% right.
the theoretical test consists of 30 questions (it may be 60 now since the first of july). those questions are from a catalogue of about 900 questions and they are about everything on the issue car and traffic, questions about how drugs influence you, about signs, how to behave in certain situatons, technical questions, speed limits, braking distance, physics, the environment, rules and laws etc...
when you have passed the test you are allowed to do the practical test, which is like in britain a 45 minutes test where you have to do all kinds of maneuvres and if you do one or two mistakes like forgetting to look over your shoulder, setting the indicators to late, cutting a corner, driving to fast or driving to slow, not letting people cross the road, not parking the car right, etc then you fail.
and before you can take part in the test you need at least about 12 hours of practice in driving at night, driving on country roads and driving on the autobahn. plus practicing driving in the city of course, but there isn't a limit.
and then, when you finally have your license, you have a two years "probezeit". that means that when you do two mistakes like taking someones right of way, or one major mistake like causing an accident, running a red light or speeding 20 km/h above the speedlimit in your first two years, then you will already loose your licence and you have to attend driving school again for a second (but shorter) time again in order to get your licence back.