"An example of" is kinda meaningless in this question. If you're asking what they are, or what the difference between them is, then the links should cover it.
"Timing" simply means control of when something happens.
"Valve timing" means control of when valves operate.
"Ignition timng" means control of when spark happens.
Valve timing is controlled by making sure the camshaft and crankshaft are positioned correctly to each other. If the cam is ahead of or behind where it should be, bad things can happen, as simple as poor running, to as bad as severe engine damage from valves and pistons colliding. The gears, belt, or chain that links the cam to the crank has to be correct.
Ignition timing is controlled on older engines by the position of the distributor. It's just a big rotary switch that makes connection to each plug wire in proper sequence. The spark has to happen at the right time relative to the piston position, and the distributor can be adjusted a few degrees either way to correct that position. On newer all-electronic engines, the spark is timed by the computer, which knows the engine's position in rotation by a crankshaft position sensor. Improper ignition timing results in poor firing, backfiring, and pinging and knocking.