Dust and vacuum daily. Wipe the top shelves first, and work your way down. Dust everything, like the walls, first before you vacuum. Wait 10-15 minutes before vacuuming and dust shelves once more (the dust moves around and then settles after dusting the first time).
If the problem never corrects itself, purchase a new vacuum cleaner. It's not collecting the dust; it's just blowing it around. It might mean the vacuum cleaner filters are clogged and therefor not working properly. Replace filters often, even if they still look 'clean.' Replace the bag, too.
You might have one of those fancy 'bagless' vacuums. Get rid of it. I had a huge dust problem thanks to one of those. They just don't trap the dust like the bag kind. If you have a bagless kind, DONT EMPTY THE CONTAINER IN THE HOUSE!!! The dust flies right back out again, while most of the heavy stuff pours out.
But, here's the biggest tip of all. Use the 'house fan' system. Set it to the room temperature setting, so the AC or heater doesn't come on. Replace the heater filter, too. Chances are you've never done it. What this system does is collect a lot of the dust. No more dust issues.
However, if you don't want to use the house fan system in your house, you must get an air cleaner and place it in whatever room you have a dust problem. I do, and no longer have a huge dust problem. I live near a lot of empty space, desert and mountains so dust is a constant problem.
Also, it could be old carpet and old ceiling 'popcorn' spray falling apart and causing your 'dust' problem. But, most dust is dead human skin.