Most pedals only have some type of rubber foot or pad to use friction to keep them from moving. That does not hold up to much pressure as you have found out.
Depending on what type of pedals you own, I have a idea for you though. Hardware and craft stores sometimes carry suction cups that have a barb or screw fitting on the back side for attaching the suction cup to something. You could drill a hole in the bottom of your pedals and install the suctions cups which will hold much better on tile flooring. This would work with smooth hard flooring, if your tile is textured rather than smooth than that won't help you.
Otherwise, try the matting used for exercise equipment or the liners used under area rugs that prevents them from moving.