Quote me on nothing.
Low damping is good for uneven surfaces but may be spongy, which i assume hurts out of corner traction and such. High damping can be more responsive but can be so stiff as to cause jolting on landing.
No one understands toe, it's never consistant. Ok, it might be but I don't know it well enough.
More rear camber and less front seems to help cars turn in tighter, however, more front camber seems to aid stability. I assume less rear camber reduces rear stability.
Low ride heights: good for downforce, speed. High ride heights: good for looseness, but hurts cornering due to lift and reduced speed. Low/high, f/r: oversteer. High/low, f/r: understeer.
Low stab. settings: more body role but a looser turn in.
High stab. settings: less body roll but a tighter turn in. Advantages and disadvantages depend on corner. High/low: understeer. Low/high: oversteer.
Gearing seems largely theoretical. I think many people opt to have 1st and second as short gears and the remaning gears spread out. Generally you want the gears to not go significantly out of the effective power range for the speed. At lower speeds of around 75 to 100 or below, you'd want the after shift rpm to fall near the torque peak, as torque is more important at this stage. For high speeds you want the tach to stay in the high hp range, but to not go back so little that you redline early.
I'll let others comment now.