Nice to see penalties return again, although the system itself is still a bit flawed, but I'll take that over no penalty system at all.
Having done a few race B's last night, the only penalties I received were for exceeding track limits and being hit by someone re-entering the track at the exit of turn 10. And when I say hit, I mean is front end into the side of my car, as he came onto the track perpendicularly giving me a 2 second penalty before he quit the race.
In another situation, I believe I should have received a penalty and didn't. One of those circumstances where the car in front brakes harder than you expected and you rear end them, but due to lag and other factors the slight nudge that you give them sends them to the shadow realm, except this time the shadow realm was the car in front, and the car I hit received the force of two impacts and spun out. Somehow, despite being the sole cause of this accident, I received no penalty.
So yeah, having the penalty system back is great, but it is still by no means close to a perfect system.